Manual PID tuning

How to raise P, I and D by hand when a heater will not settle on its setpoint.

Tuning and calibrationSource on GitHub

Proportional (P): Start by increasing P until the temperature oscillates around the setpoint. Then, reduce it by half.

Integral (I): Increase I until the temperature stabilizes quickly without significant overshoot.

Derivative (D): This can be tricky. Increase D cautiously to counteract any residual oscillations without causing instability.